what does a background check show: what to expect and what it doesn't

Overview

A background check compiles records to help confirm identity, past conduct, and credentials. Depending on purpose and law, it may include criminal history, work and education verification, and other screens relevant to the role or transaction.

Common components

Most employment screens are performed with your consent under the FCRA or similar rules. Results vary by jurisdiction, lookback period, and data quality, so a clear report doesn't guarantee perfection, and negative hits may require context.

• Criminal records: convictions, some pending cases; sealed or expunged items usually excluded.
• Employment and education: dates, titles, degrees, and licenses.
• Driving and civil records: motor vehicle history, lawsuits, judgments.
• Credit history: for finance or trust-sensitive roles, where permitted.
• Sanctions and registries: watchlists, sex-offender databases.

Limits and preparation

Checks rarely show medical data or protected characteristics. Social media reviews, if used, should still avoid discriminatory factors. You can prepare by confirming dates, locating documentation, and reviewing your own reports.

If something is inaccurate, you typically have the right to dispute and request a recheck, and to provide explanations for context.